IPTG is a molecular biology reagent utilized in cloning experiments. This compound is used as a molecular mimic of allolactose, a lactose metabolite that triggers transcription of the lacoperon. Unlike allolactose, the IPTG sulfur (S) atom creates a chemical bond which is non-hydrolyzable by the cell, preventing the cell from "eating up" or degrading the inductant; therefore the IPTG concentration remains constant.

A nondenaturing zwitterionic detergent for solubilizing membrane proteins and breaking protein-protein interactions. Combines the useful properties of both the sulfobetaine-type and the bile salt detergents. Commonly used for protein solubilization in isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional electrophoresis especially for non-denaturing (without urea) isoelectric focusing.

Introduction to RNase Ribonucleases (RNases) are a large group of hydrolytic enzymes that degrade ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. These are nucleases that catalyze the breakdown of RNA into smaller components. They are a superfamily of enzymes which catalyze the degradation of RNA, operating at the levels of transcription and translation. 3D conformation of ribonuclease A enzyme These enzymes are present...

Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside, abbreviated IPTG, is a molecular biology reagent. This compound is used as a molecular mimic of allolactose, a lactose metabolite that triggers transcription of the lac operon.

Dithiothreitol (DTT), also known as Cleland's reagent, is a small-molecule redox reagent. Its oxidized form is a disulfide-bonded 6-membered ring. DTT has an epimeric ('sister') compound, dithioerythritol (DTE).

In molecular biology Proteinase K (also protease K or endopeptidase K) is a broad-spectrum serine protease. The enzyme was discovered in 1974 in extracts of the fungus Engyodontium album (formerly Tritirachium album). Proteinase K is able to digest native keratin (hair), hence, the name "Proteinase K". The predominant site of cleavage is the peptide bond adjacent to the carboxyl group of aliphatic and aromatic amino acids with blocked alpha amino groups. It is commonly used for its broad specificity.

Puromycin is an aminonucleosidic antibiotic. Puromycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor by inhibiting translation. Puromycin’s main function is used in cell biology as a selective antibiotic agent in cell culture systems.