Introduction Beta-lactam antibiotics are used to treat a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.   β-lactam antibiotics target the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) - a group of enzymes found attached in the cell membrane, which are involved in the cross-linking of the bacterial cell wall. The β-lactam ring portion of this group of antibiotics binds to these different PBPs, rendering them...

Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments. Microfilaments, also called actin filaments, are filaments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that form part of the cytoskeleton. Actin participates in many important cellular processes, including muscle contraction, cell motility, cell division and cytokinesis, vesicle and organelle movement, cell signaling, and the establishment and maintenance of cell junctions...

SMER28 is a small-molecule enhancer (SMER) of autophagy that increases autophagosome synthesis and enhances clearance of aggregate-prone substrates, including those relevant to Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases. It is a positive regulator of autophagy in a mechanism independent from the mTOR pathway. It increases autophagosome synthesis and enhances the clearance of model autophagy substrates such as A53T a-synuclein and mutant...

  Dithiothreitol or DTT is also known as Cleland’s Reagent. It contains two thiol groups and is commonly used to reduce disulfide bond in proteins. It can protect many thiol-containing biomolecules such as coenzyme A (Co-A), GSH (glutathione) from forming disulfide bonds. Not only does DTT scavenge the hydroxyl radical that attacks DNA and proteins, but also reacts with hydrogen...

Neomycins are a family of broad-spectrum highly toxic antibiotics produced by Streptomyces fradiae. Neomycin usually exists as a complex composed of two stereoisomers, neomycin B and neomycin C, which are the two active components. A third component, neomycin A, which is a degradation product, is present in small quantities. Neomycin C was isolated by DUTCHER et al. Neomycin C is...

Ammonia (NH3) is a poisonous and pungent-smelling colorless gas that makes the eyes water. Ammonia is readily soluble in water. The aqueous solution has an alkaline reaction and is known as ammonia water or tincture of ammonia. In conjunction with acid, ammonia forms salts that disassociate in water, to form ammonium ions (NH4 +) and the corresponding anions. In nature...

Pinacidil Monohydrate is a guanidine that opens potassium channels producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of arterioles. It has been used as a vasodilator drug to treat hypertension. Apart from the above-mentioned application Pinacidil Monohydrate has also been gaining recognition in the field of stem cell research. Pinacidil has been successfully used in enhancing survival of stem cells. Human embryonic stem cells...

Carnosic acid is a plastidial catecholic diterpene found in herb extracts such as Rosemary, Sage and Oregano. Carnosic acid has anti oxidant and anti microbial properties. Carnosic acid is increasingly exploited within food, nutritional health and Veterinary Medicine. Medicine: Novel Neuroprotective Compound Carnosic Acid has potent antioxidant and potent neuroprotective activity. It has been suggested to be beneficial in prevention of...

Bafilomycins are a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces species. AG Scientific offers several high-quality bafilomycin products. Bafilomycins at AG Scientific Product Number Product Name B-1183 Bafilomycin A1 B-1185 Bafilomycin B1 B-1245 Bafilomycin B2 B-2535 Bafilomycin C1 B-2537 Bafilomycin D Bafilomycins in Cancer Research The most commonly used bafilomycin is bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1). Baf-A1 is an autophagy inhibitor...

Any scientist involved in proteomics or protein engineering, will stand by the fact that detergents are indispensable tools for isolation and solubilization of integral membrane proteins and protein complexes from biological membranes. For these studies, it is very important to have intact protein structures in their native biological form in order to evaluate their structure, function, dynamics and binding of...